Lesson43
Faith in controlled nuclear fission is now being shown by the construction of atomic power stations. In Britain, Calder Hall on the coast of Cumberland first made its contribution to the National Electricity grid in 1957. Subsequently a chain of nuclear power stations was planned. Of necessity they are sited near the coasts or tidal water because of the need of much water for cooling and a certain discharge of possible radioactive effluent. Atomic power is associated in the
public mind with the destructive force of atom bombs and partly for this reason, though it is claimed that there is no danger to be associated with atomic power stations, they are being sited away from populous centres.
The present position is that the three main sources of power are coal, oil and water power. We sometimes refer to electricity ,gas or petrol as if they were the actual source of power , forgetting that electricity must be generated by the consumption of coal or oil or by the utilization of water power, whilst coke, gas and petrol are examples of secondary fuels by which coal and oil may be more effectively used.
Where alternative sources of power are available there are some marked contrasts in handling. The bulk and weight of coal required in the majority of manufacturing industries is large in comparison with the bulk and weight of other raw materials. This is not always true--was with the manufacture of pig iron and steel from low-grade iron ores-- but it did lead to the concentration of
industrial developments on the coal-fields, a phenomenon well seen in such countries as Britain where the Industrial Revolution came before the days of oil or electricity. Coal being a solid must be distributed mainly by rail or water.
By way of contrast oil can be transported large distances by pipeline but overseas movement has involved building of large numbers of tankers, including now
some of the largest vessels afloat. Unless suitable on other grounds oilfields have not become industrial regions; on the contrary the oil industry is marked by a certain amount of smell and an element of danger, hence the siting of refineries at a distance from population centres. It is not always realized that the owners of pipelines can handle the oil of different customers, sending it through at different, periods. Natural gas can also be transported large distances by pipe. Early in 1959 Britain received the first ship cargo of natural gas----liquefied for the purpose of transport.
L.DUDLEY STAMP Our Developing World
参考译文
现在原子能电站的建造，显示了对受控核裂变的信心。在英国，坎伯兰海岸的考尔德豪尔电站率先于1957年向国家电力网输电。接着又规划了一系列核电站。出于需要，它们都建于沿海或潮水
到达处附近，因为冷却需要用大量水，还可能排放出放射性废水。虽然说过原子能电站不会发生危险，但人们通常把原子能与原子弹的破坏力联系在一起，这也是电站远离人口中心的部分原因。
按目前情况，三种主要能源是煤炭、石油和水力。我们有时提到电力、煤气或汽油，就好像它们是真正的能源，却忘掉电力的产生必须消耗煤和石油，或是利用水力。而焦炭、煤气和汽油
都是次级燃料的范例，通过它们可更有效地利用煤和石油。
在有各种能源可供选择利用的地方，使用方式上有明显的差别。对大多数制造工业来说，所需煤炭的体积和重量同其他原材料体积和重量相比较是很大的。也不总是这样（例如用低品位铁
矿石冶炼生铁和钢），但这种情况的确导致了工业发展集中在产煤区，这一现象在工业革命发生于石油或电力时代之前的英国之类的国家里特别明显。固体的煤炭必须主要由铁路或水路来运输。
作为对比，石油可用管道送往远处，如要运往海外，则需建造大量油轮，其中有些是现今海上最大的船只。除非出于其他原因，油田不会成为工业区；正相反，由于石油工业总有某些气味
并存在危险因素，因此炼油厂总建离人口中心相当远的地方。人们不一定知道管道主要采用不同时期输油的方法来向不同的顾客运送石油的。天然气也能通过管道输往远处。英国早于1959年就
接受了第一船天然货物——为便于运输而被液化了的天然气。
—————————————————————————
更多精彩内容请访问：
1、育心经典网站：http://www.yshin.com
2、育心经典论坛：http://www.yshin.com/bbs
3、育心商城：http://www.yshin.com/shop
4、育心淘宝商铺：http://shop33227197.taobao.com/
5、育心园-儿童读经教育交流网：http://bbs.bbedu.com
|
网银支付，在线充值，方便快捷！
网友评论：（只显示最新10条。评论内容只代表网友观点，与本站立场无关！）